Public Statement: Scholars warn of potential genocide in Gaza

15 October 2023

As scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies, we are compelled to sound the alarm about the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. We do not do so lightly, recognising the weight of this crime, but the gravity of the current situation demands it.

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Full Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza

As scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies, we are compelled to sound the alarm about the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. We do not do so lightly, recognising the weight of this crime, but the gravity of the current situation demands it.

The pre-existing conditions in the Gaza Strip had already prompted discussions of genocide prior to the current escalation – such as by the National Lawyers Guild in 2014, the Russell Tribunal on Palestine in 2014, and the Center for Constitutional Rights in 2016. Scholars have warned over the years that the siege of Gaza may amount to a “prelude to genocide” or a “slow-motion genocide”. The prevalence of racist and dehumanising language and hate speech in social media was also noted in a warning issued in July 2014 by the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, in response to Israel’s conduct against the protected Palestinian population. The Special Advisers noted that individual Israelis had disseminated messages that could be dehumanising to the Palestinians and that had called for the killing of members of this group, and reiterated that incitement to commit atrocity crimes is prohibited under international law.

Israel’s current military offensive on the Gaza Strip since 7 October 2023, however, is unprecedented in scale and severity, and consequently in its ramifications for the population of Gaza. Following the incursion by Palestinian armed groups on 7 October 2023, including criminal attacks against Israeli civilians, the Gaza Strip has been subjected to incessant and indiscriminate bombardment by Israeli forces. Between 7 October and 9:00 a.m. on 15 October, there have been 2,329 Palestinians killed and 9,042 Palestinians injured in Israeli attacks on Gaza, including over 724 children, huge swathes of neighbourhoods and entire families across Gaza have been obliterated. Israel’s Defence Minister ordered a “complete siege” of the Gaza Strip prohibiting the supply of fuel, electricity, water and other essential necessities. This terminology itself indicates an intensification of an already illegal, potentially genocidal siege to an outright destructive assault.

Late on 12 October, the Israeli authorities issued an order for more than 1.1million Palestinians in Gaza City and the northern Gaza Strip to leave their homes and flee to the south of Gaza within 24 hours, knowing that this would be practically impossible for many. Palestinians who did start to evacuate south reported that civilians and ambulances were targeted and hit by Israeli airstrikes on the designated “safe route”, killing at least 70 Palestinians who were fleeing to seek refuge. The ICRC stated that “the evacuation orders, coupled with the complete siege” are incompatible with international humanitarian law. Almost half a million Palestinians have already been displaced, and Israeli forces have bombed the only possible exit route that Israel does not control, the Rafah crossing to Egypt multiple times. The World Health Organisation published a warning that “[f]orcing more than 2000 patients to relocate to southern Gaza, where health facilities are already running at maximum capacity and unable to absorb a dramatic rise in the number patients, could be tantamount to a death sentence”.

There has also been an escalation of violence, arrests, expulsions, and destruction of whole Palestinian communities in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. Since 7 October, Israeli settlers, with the backing of the army and police, have attacked and shot Palestinian civilians at point blank range (as documented in the villages of a-Tuwani and Qusra), have invaded their homes and assaulted residents. A number of Palestinian communities have already been forced to abandon their homes, after which settlers arrived and destroyed their property. Between 7 – 15 October, Al-Haq documented the killing by Israeli military and settlers of 55 Palestinians in the West Bank, and more the injury of 1,200 Palestinians there.

Statements of Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 suggest that beyond the killings and restriction of basic conditions for life perpetrated against Palestinians in Gaza, there are also indications that the ongoing and imminent Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip are being conducted with potentially genocidal intent. Language used by Israeli political and military figures appears to reproduce rhetoric and tropes associated with genocide and incitement to genocide. Dehumanising descriptions of Palestinians have been prevalent. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that “we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly”. He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to “a full-scale response” and that he had “removed every restriction” on Israeli forces, as well as stating: “Gaza won’t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything.” On 10 October, the head of the Israeli army’s Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, addressed a message directly to Gaza residents: “Human animals must be treated as such. There will be no electricity and no water, there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell”. The same day, Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari acknowledged the wanton and intentionally destructive nature of Israel’s bombing campaign in Gaza: “The emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy.”

Since 2007, Israel has defined the Gaza Strip as a whole as an “enemy entity”. On 7 October, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Gazans would pay an “immense price” for the actions of Hamas fighters. He asserted that Israel will wage a prolonged offensive and will turn parts of Gaza’s densely populated urban centres “into rubble”. Israel’s President emphasised that the Israeli authorities view the entire Palestinian population of Gaza as responsible for the actions of militant groups, and subject accordingly to collective punishment and unrestricted use of force: “It is an entire nation out there that is responsible. It is not true this rhetoric about civilians not being aware, not involved. It’s absolutely not true”. Israeli Minister of Energy and Infrastructure Israel Katz added: “All the civilian population in Gaza is ordered to leave immediately. We will win. They will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world.”

Evidence of incitement to genocide has also been present in Israeli public discourse. This ranges from statements by elected officials – such as Knesset member Ariel Kallner’s call on 7 October for “one goal: Nakba! [catastrophe for Palestinians] A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 1948” – to public banners displayed in Israeli cities calling for a “victory” signified by “zero population in Gaza” and the “annihilation of Gaza”. On national television, security correspondent Alon Ben David relayed the Israeli military’s plan to destroy Gaza City, Jabaliyya, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanun. Such statements are not new and resonate with a wider Israeli discourse showcasing the intent for elimination and genocide against the Palestinian people. Earlier in the year, for example, Israeli Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich called Palestinians “repugnant”, “disgusting” and called for “wiping out” the entire Palestinian village of Huwwara in the West Bank.

On 12 October 2023, a group of UN Special Rapporteurs’ condemned “Israel’s indiscriminate military attacks against the already exhausted Palestinian people of Gaza, comprising over 2.3 million people, nearly half of whom are children. They have lived under unlawful blockade for 16 years, and already gone through five major brutal wars, which remain unaccounted for”. The UN experts warned against “the withholding of essential supplies such as food, water, electricity and medicines. Such actions will precipitate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where its population is now at inescapable risk of starvation. Intentional starvation is a crime against humanity”. On 14 October 2023, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territory warned against “a repeat of the 1948 Nakba, and the 1967 Naksa, yet on a larger scale” as Israel carries out “mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians under the fog of war”.

The Palestinian people constitute a national group for the purposes of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). The Palestinians of the Gaza Strip constitute a substantial proportion of the Palestinian nation, and are being targeted by Israel because they are Palestinian. The Palestinian population of Gaza appears to be presently subjected by the Israeli forces and authorities to widespread killing, bodily and mental harm, and unviable conditions of life – against a backdrop of Israeli statements which evidence signs of intent to physically destroy the population.

Article II of the Genocide Convention provides that “genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

(a) Killing members of the group;

(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”

All states are bound as a matter of law by the principle that genocide is a crime prohibited under international law. The International Court of Justice has affirmed that the prohibition of genocide is a peremptory norm of international law from which no derogation is allowed. The Convention provides that individuals who attempt genocide or who incite to genocide “shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals”.

Article I of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide provides that: “The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish”. The International Court of Justice has clarified that “a State’s obligation to prevent, and the corresponding duty to act, arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed. From that moment onwards, if the State has available to it means likely to have a deterrent effect on those suspected of preparing genocide, or reasonably suspected of harbouring specific intent (dolus specialis), it is under a duty to make such use of these means as the circumstances permit”.

Palestinian human rights organisations, Jewish civil society groups, Holocaust and genocide studies scholars and others have by now warned of an imminent genocide against the Palestinian population in Gaza. We emphasise the existence of a serious risk of genocide being committed in the Gaza Strip.

The undersigned urgently appeal to states to take concrete and meaningful steps to individually and collectively prevent genocidal acts, in line with their legal duty to prevent the crime of genocide. They must protect the Palestinian population, and ensure that Israel refrains from any further incitement to genocide and from the perpetration of conduct prohibited by Article II of the Genocide Convention.

All states should immediately act under Article VIII of the Genocide Convention, and should call upon the competent organs of the United Nations, particularly the UN General Assembly, to take urgent action under the Charter of the United Nations appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide. We note specifically the role of the General Assembly here, given that the Security Council is compromised by the United States and the United Kingdom (both permanent veto-holding members) sending military forces to the eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel.

We recall that in 1982, the General Assembly condemned the massacre of Palestinian civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps as “an act of genocide”. We note also that the state of Palestine is entitled to initiate, in accordance with Article IX of the Genocide Convention, proceedings before the International Court of Justice in order to prevent the perpetration of genocidal acts.

Finally, we call on all relevant UN bodies, including the Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to immediately intervene, to carry out the necessary investigations and invoke the necessary warning procedures to protect the Palestinian population from genocide.

Signatories:

1.      

Aannd Vaidya, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed College

2. Aaron Seymour, Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney

3. Aasiya Lodhi, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster.

4. Abdelghany Sayed, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.

5. Abdullah Omran, PhD student, Indiana University

6. Abigail Balbale, New York University

7. Académico Depto Filosofía, UMCE

8. Adalmir Marquetti, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).

9. Adrian Carrillo Gomez, PhD student, Deusto University.

10. Afshin Matin-asgari, Professor of Middle East history, California State University, Los Angeles

11. Ahmad Al-Dissi, Professor, University of Saskatchewan

12. Ahmad Fouad, Lecturer of Law, the British University in Egypt

13. Ahmad Khaled, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Law, Birzeit University.

14. Ahmad Mustafa, a Ph.D. student at the University of Kansas

15. Ahmed Selim, PhD Student, University of Chicago

16. Ahmet Ferhat Baran, PhD Student, University of Aberdeen.

17. Ajantha Subramanian, Professor, City University of New York.

18. Alba Valenciano-Mañé, post-doctoral researcher, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

19. Alessandra Mezzadri SOAS Reader in Global Development and Political Economy

20. Alessandro Donadio Miebach, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

21. Alexander D. Barder, Professor of International Relations, Florida International University

22. Alexandre Abreu, Assistant Professor, ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management.

23. Alfredo Alietti professor University of Ferrara Italy

24. Ali Cebeci, PhD, Georgetown University

25. Ali Raza, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences

26. Alicia Campos Serrano, Profesora Titular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

27. Alina ahmadi Red Cross Vlaanderen

28. Alison Phipps UNESCO Chair University of Glasgow

29. Allison Whitenack, MPhil Candidate in International Development, University of Oxford

30. Alyosxa Tudor, Reader in Gender Studies, SOAS University of London.

31. Alyssa Kristeller, Graduate Student Georgetown University.

32. Amal Rammah, research scientist, University College London.

33. Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University

34. Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University

35. Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University

36. Amber De Clerck, PhD Student & Teaching Assistant, Ghent University, Belgium

37. Amber Lakhani, PhD Candidate & GTA, SOAS University of London.

38. Amira Abdelhamid, Lecturer in International Relations, University of Portsmouth

39. Ammar Hachicho, piano instructor, National Higher Conservatory of Music Beirut

40. Amy Strecker, Associate Professor of Law, University College Dublin

41. Anamika Misra, Associate Lecturer, University of Bristol.

42. Anand Sheombar, researcher & lecturer, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, NL.

43. Ananya Chakravarti, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University

44. Anas Karzai. — Laurentian University — Canada

45. Andrea Battinelli, retired

46. Andrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development and Anthropology, King’s College London.

47. Andrea Maria Pelliconi, Teaching Associate, University of Nottingham

48. Andrea Mura, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London

49. Andrew Bush, Assistant Professor, Bard College

50. Angana Chatterji, University of California, Berkeley.

51. Angela Daly, Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dundee.

52. Angela Smith, Sessional Academic, University of New South Wales

53. Angela Zito Anthropology/Religious Studies NYU

54. Anita H. Fábos, Professor, International Development, Community & Environment Department, Clark University

55. Anita Rupprecht, University of Brighton

56. Anjali Arondekar, Professor, Feminist Studies, UCSC

57. Anna Bigelow, Stanford University.

58. Anna Ferguson, Georgetown University

59. Anna Rosellini, University of Bologna

60. Anna-Claire Steffen, PhD Candidate, UMass Amherst

61. Annaclaudia Martini, Assistant Professor at University of Bologna, Italy

62. Annapurna Menon, Teaching Associate, University of Sheffield

63. Anne Berg, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania.

64. Anne Hunnell Chen, Assistant Professor of Art History and visual culture, Bard College

65. Anne Norton, Professor, University of Pennsylvania

66. Anneke Newman, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Ghent

67. Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi, Barnard College, Columbia University

68. Anthony Alessandrini, Professor, City University of New York

69. Anthony Gorman, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.

70. Anton Shammas, Prof. Emeritus of Middle East Literatures, University of Michigan

71. Antonio Scialà, Università Roma Tre, Italy

72. Antonio Y. Vazquez-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Rutgers University-Newark.

73. Anuradha Chenoy retired Jawaharlal Nehru University

74. Anwar Mohiuddin, Process Engineer, Intel

75. Arab Loutfi , Film maker, Adjunct faculty at AUC

76. Arathi Sriprakash, University of Oxford

77. Arun Kundnani, independent scholar and writer

78. Arzu Somalı, PhD student, University of Istanbul.

79. Ashok Kumar, Senior Lecturer of Political Economy, Birkbeck University.

80. Asli Bali, Professor of Law, Yale University.

81. Astrid Mrkich, refugee lawyer, Toronto, Canada

82. Ata Hindi, Birzeit University.

83. Atiya Habeeb Kidwai, retired Professor, Jawharlal Nehru University, India

84. Ayesha Khalid Chaudhry, Doctoral candidate at Deakin University Australia

85. Ayesha Umaña Dajud, JSD student, Cornell University

86. Ayushman Bhagat, Lecturer, Brunel University London

87. Azam Khatam, Instructor at York University

88. Azeezah Kanji, legal academic and journalist.

89. Badreddine Rachidi, Graduate Student & Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.

90. Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis

91. Barbara Aiolfi research fellow University of Milan – BICOCCA

92. Barbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University Venice

93. Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University, North Carolina.

A. Basheer Ahmad, Retired professor, JNU, New Delhi

94. Bashir Saade, Lecturer in Politics and Religion, University of Stirling.

95. Bayan Abusneineh, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University

96. Ben Whitham, Lecturer in International Relations, SOAS University of London

97. Ben Wiedel-Kaufmann, Lecturer, The Open University.

98. Benjamin Selwyn, Professor of International Relations and Development, University of Sussex.

99. Berklee Baum, DPhil, University of Oxford

100. Besan Jaber, Georgetown University.

101. Bielasan Tareq Zaina, PhD Student, Georgetown University.

102. Bikrum Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Virginia Tech

103. Bilal Maanaki University of Virginia

104. Bilge Yesil, City University of New York

105. Bircan Ciytak, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham

106. Birgul Kutan , University of Sussex

107. Bishnupriya Ghosh, Professor, UC Santa Barbara

108. Brannon Ingram, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, Northwestern University

109. Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty

110. Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty

111. Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty

112. Bridget Guarasci, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall College

113. Bruce Robbins, Columbia University

114. Camila Vergara, Senior Lecturer, University of Essex

115. Camilo Pérez-Bustillo, Executive Director, National Lawyers’ Guild-San Francisco Bay Area chapter

116. Carlo Caprioglio, Legal Clinic on Migration and Asylum, Università Roma Tre

117. Carlo Leget, Professor of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies.

118. Carlos Bichet, Assistant Professor, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas , Universidad de Panama.

119. Carlos Escrich Velázquez, Independent Scholar.

120. Catherine Larocque, PhD candidate, University of Ottawa

121. Cemil Aydin, Professor of International History, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

122. Ceyda Turan, Lawyer at Turan Law Office

123. Chaman Lal Retd Professor JNU

124. Charles des Portes, Teaching Fellow in Political Theory, University of Leeds

125. Charlotte Grace, Royal College of Art, UK.

126. Cheryl Gaster, LL.B., C. Med. Human Rights Lawyer (Retired), Mediator

127. Chiara De Cesari, Professor of Heritage, Memory and Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam.

128. Chiara Pagano, Post-doc, University of Graz

129. Chi-Chi Shi, PhD Researcher, Durham University

130. Chris Barker, Assistant Professor, The American University in Cairo

131. Chris Dole, Professor of Anthropology, Amherst College

132. Chris Gilbert, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela

133. Christina Murray, Graduate Student, MAAS, Georgetown.

134. Christine Hong, Professor, UC Santa Cruz

135. Christo El Morr, Professor, York University, Canada

136. Christopher Parker, Associate Professor, Ghent University

137. Cigdem Cidam, Professor of Political Science, Union College Schenectady NY

138. Cira Pascual Marquina, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela

139. Claire Begbie, PhD student at Concordia University, Montreal.

140. Claire Gallien, Professor, University Montpellier 3

141. Clara Han, Professor of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University

142. Claudia Dides, Universidad de Santiago.

143. Claudia Saba, Adjunct Lecturer, Ramon Llull University

144. Clement Sichimwa, Lecturer and Researcher at University of Zambia

145. Clif P Lewis, Psychologist, LBVC

146. Clod Marlan Krister Yambao, Asst. Professor University of the Philippines Dept. of Art Studies and Doctoral Research Fellow, Conflict Research Group, Ghent Univesity

147. Colleen Bell, Associate Professor, Univeristy of Saskatchewan

148. Cristiana Fiamingo

149. Cristiana Fiamingo, assistant prof. University of Milan

150. Cristina Bacchilega, Professor Emerita, University of Hawaii-Manoa

151. Dalia Said Mostafa, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar

152. Daniel Brown, PhD, LSE Sociology Department

153. Daniel Segal, Jean M Pitzer Professor Emeritus, Pitzer College

154. Daniel Stein, Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global Law School

155. Daniela Meneghini ca’ Foscari università of Venice

156. Daniela Pioppi University of Naples L’Orientale

157. Danielle Fernandes, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

158. Dara Leyden, PhD candidate, Queen Mary University of London

159. Darryl Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Associate Member of the Law School, University of Chicago.

160. David Leadbeater, Adjunct Professor, Laurentian University, Canada

161. David Palumbo-Liu, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor, Stanford University.

162. David Thwo Goldberg, Professor, University of California, Irvine

163. David van Leeuwen, professor, Radboud University Nijmegen

164. David Whyte, Professor of Climate Justice, Queen Mary University of London

165. Dearbhla Minogue, Senior Lawyer at Global Legal Action Network

166. Deborah B. Gould, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz

167. Deborah Lawson, PhD Candidate, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool.

168. Deen Sharp, Visiting Fellow, LSE

169. Diana Allan, McGill University.

170. Diane Lamoureux, professeure émérite, Université Laval.

171. Dima Srouji, Royal College of Art.

172. Dimitri Van Den Meerssche, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.

173. Dina M. Siddiqi, Global Liberal Studies, New York University

174. Dina Matar, Professor Political Communication, SOAS

175. Dina Matar, Professor, SOAS

176. Dino Pancani C, Facultad de Comunicacion e Imagen, Universidad de Chile.

177. Dolly Kikon, University of Melbourne

178. Donia Khraishi, Georgetown University

179. Douaa sheet, Assistant Professor, American University

180. Dr Adam Elliott-Cooper, Lecturer, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London

181. Dr Benjamin Thorne, Lecturer in Law, University of Kent.

182. Dr Catherine Charrett, Senior Lecturer, International Relations, University of Westminster.

183. Dr Daragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London.

184. Dr Francesca Romana Ammaturo, Senior Lecturer, London Metropolitan University.

185. Dr Gearóid Ó Cuinn, Founding Director, Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)

186. Dr Hayley Gibson, University of Kent.

187. Dr Irene Sotiropoulou, Independent Scholar

188. Dr Jeffrey Stevenson Murer, Senior Lecturer on Collective Violence,University of St Andrews

189. Dr Karen Crawley, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School

190. Dr Ken Fero Assistant Professor Coventry University

191. Dr Leon Sealey-Huggins, Assistant Professor of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick

192. Dr Marios Costa, Senior Lecturer, City, University of London

193. Dr Mohja Kahf, professor of comparative literature, University of Arkansas

194. Dr Nicole Beardsworth, Wits University

195. Dr Ronit Lentin, Retired Associate Professor, Sociology, Trinity College Dublin

196. Dr Sabreena Ghaffar-Siddiqui Sheridan College

197. Dr Sara Razai , Lecturer University of Westminster.

198. Dr Souheir Edelbi, Lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University

199. Dr. Aanchal Saraf, Dartmouth College

200. Dr. Afshin Matin-asgari Middle East History professor California State University, Los Angles

201. Dr. alma khasawnih, The College of New Jersey

202. Dr. Banah Ghadbian, Assistant Professor Of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College

203. Dr. Curtis F.J. Doebbler, Research Professor of Law, Department of Law, University of Makeni.

204. Dr. Edemilson Paraná, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, LUT University, Finland

205. Dr. Eric Hooglund, Editor, Middle East Critique

206. Dr. Fatima Sajjad, Associate professor, Director Center for Critical Peace Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore

207. Dr. Giorgia Baldi, Lecturer, University of Sussex.

208. Dr. Hassan Jabareen, General Director, Adalah Legal Center.

209. Dr. John Cox, Director, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

210. Dr. Kalbir Shukra, former senior lecturer now independent researcher.

211. Dr. Maja Pan, Independent researcher.

212. Dr. Marcela Pizarro , Lecturer, Goldsmiths, Univeristy of London

213. Dr. Marcela Pizarro, Goldsmiths, University of London

214. Dr. Mehmet Erken, İstanbul University

215. Dr. Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor Global Arts and Politics, University of Amsterdam.

216. Dr. Mohamad Arnaout, Associate Ptofessor, Lebanese International University

217. Dr. Namita Wahi, Senior Fellow, Centre for Policy Research.

218. Dr. Nimer Sultany, Reader in Public Law, SOAS University of London.

219. Dr. Osama Siddique. Inaugural Henry J. Steiner Professor of Human Rights. Harvard law School.

220. Dr. S. Hasan Mahmud, retired professor Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi

221. Dr. Salem Abdellatif Al-Shawafi, Professor of Philosophy, Community College Qatar.

222. Dr. Sara Alsaraf, University of Birmingham, UK, PhD Student

223. Dr. Vidya Kumar, Senior Lecturer in Law, SOAS, University of London

224. Durgesh Solanki, Student, Johns Hopkins University

225. Eduardo Villavicencio, PhD Student, Kent Law School.

226. Edwin Bikundo, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School

227. Eftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University

228. Egidio de Bustamante, Senior Lecturer, Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Innsbruck.

229. Ekin Kurtic, Postdoctoral Fellow, Northwestern University

230. Elena Vezzadini, Research affiliate, Institute for African Worlds

231. Elif Babül, Associate Professor, Mount Holyoke College

232. Elif Durmuş, Postdoctoral Researcher in International Law and Human Rights, University of Antwerp

233. Elisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di Milano

234. Elizabeth Shakman Hurd, Professor of Politics and Religious Studies, Northwestern University.

235. Elora Halim Chowdhury, Professor, UMass Boston

236. Elora Shehabuddin, Professor, UC Berkeley

237. Elyse Crystall, Teaching Professor, UNC Chapel Hill

238. Emilio Dabed, adjunct professor of law, York University, Toronto

239. Emily J. Sumner, Ph.D. candidate, University of Minneosta

240. Emily Watkins, Graduate Teaching Assistant/Instructor, University of Kansas

241. Emma Palmer, Senior Lecturer, Griffith University

242. Enrica Rigo, Associate professor of law, University of Roma Tre

243. Eren Duzgun, Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus

244. Eskandar Sadeghi, Associate Professor, University of York

245. Estella Carpi, Assistant Professor in Humanitarian Studies, University College London

246. Ettore Asoni, University of Bologna

247. Eva Nanopoulos, Senior Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.

248. Fabio Lanza, Professor, University of Arizona.

249. Fabio Marcelli, Senior Researcher of the Institute for International legal studies.

250. Fadi Ennab, Vanier Scholar/PhD Student, University of Manitoba

251. Farah Mahmoud, Doctoral Candidate, Florida International University

252. Farida Khan, Professor, University of Colorado

253. Fatemeh Shams, Associate Professor of Persian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A

254. Fathimah Fildzah Izzati, PhD Candidate, SOAS University of London

255. Fauzia Ahmad, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths

256. Fauzia Rafique, Coordinator, Surrey Muse Arts society

257. Felícia Campos, PhD researcher in Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh.

258. Felicite Fairer-Wessels, emeritus professor, University of Pretoria, South Africa

259. Fernando Quintana, PhD Student and GTA, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

260. Fida Adely, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University

261. Fien De Meyer, PhD, University of Antwerp.

262. Flagg Miller, Professor, University of California, Davis

263. Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor, University of Bologna

264. Francis Cody, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Toronto

265. Francisca James Hernandez, Instructional Faculty, Pima Community College

266. Frederico Augusto Auad de Gomes Filho, Political Science Master Student at IESP-UERJ

267. Fulya Pinar, Postdoctoral scholar, Middle East Studies, Brown University.

268. Gabriela Kuetting, Professor of Global Politics, Rutgers University-Newark

269. Gabriele vom Bruck, SOAS.

270. Gareth Dale, Politics, Brunel University

271. Gary Fields, University of California San Diego

272. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, University University Professor, Columbia University

273. Gennaro Gervasio, Associate Professor, Università Roma Tre

274. German Correa profesor Universidad de Santiago de Chile.

275. Germán Santana Pérez, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

276. Ghada Ageel, University of Alberta.

277. Ghadir Zannoun, Associate Professor, University of Kentucky

278. Gholam Khiabany, Goldsmiths, University of London

279. Gianfranco Ragona, professor at University of Turin

280. Gil Hochberg

281. Gillian Hart, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley

282. Gillian Maris Jones, Ph.D. candidate, University of Pennsylvania

283. Giulia Contes, project manger and PhD student Uantwerpen

284. Giuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, Napoli

285. Giuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, Nspoli

286. Giuseppe Mastruzzo, Director, International University College of Turin

287. Gloria Novovic, Gender, Development and Globalisation Fellow, London School of Economics.

288. Golnar Nikpour, Assistant Professor or History, Dartmouth College

289. Gordon Christie, Professor, Peter A Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia

290. Goretti Horgan, Senior Lecturer, Ulster University

291. Greg Albo, professor, Poltics, York University

292. Greg Burris, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.

293. Guido Donini, former Assistant Professor 0ffof Classics at the University of Chicagof Classics.of Classic Classics at the University of Chicago

294. Guillermo Gigliani, Professor, Universidad Nacional de Moreno, Argentina

295. Hadia Mubarak, Assistant Professor of Religion, Queens University of Charlotte.

296. Haim Beresheeth, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of London.

297. Hakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, University of Derby

298. Hamed Al-Mogarry, Sana’a University.

299. Hanan Elsayed, Occidental College

300. Hanan Kashou, Associate Teaching Professor, Rutger University.

301. Hanan Toukan, Associate Professor, Bard College Berlin

302. Hannah Boast, Chancellor’s Fellow, University of Edinburgh

303. Hannah NS Bahrin, PhD student, Queen Mary University

304. Hannelore Van Bavel, postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & University of Bristol

305. Harold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara

306. Hasan Basri Bülbül, Assistant Professor of International Law, Boğaziçi University, Turkey.

307. Hasan Shuaib, PhD Graduate, Rutgers University

308. Hatice Ozturk, PhD student, Georgetoewn University

309. Hazem Jamjoum, Curator, British Library.

310. Helga Tawil-Souri, Associate Professor, New York University

311. Helmi Mohammed Abdo, Sana’a Community College.

312. Helyeh Doutaghi, Research Scholar, Yale University.

313. Hesham Sallam, Stanford University

314. Hilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College.

315. Hossein Kamaly, Professor of Interfaith Studies. Hartford international University for Religion and Peace

316. Howard Pflanzer, Adj. Associate Professor, Hunter College

317. Howard Winant, University of California, Santa Barbara

318. Howie Rechavia-Taylor, Fellow, LSE

319. Hulya Dagdeviren, Professor of Economic Development, University of Hertfordshire.

320. human being with a moral compass

321. Humeira Iqtidar, King’s College London

322. Huseyin Disli & Kent Law School/Worldwide Lawyers Association Research and Programmes Executive.

323. Idil Abdillahi Assistant Professor, TMU.

324. Ignasi Bernat, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona

325. Iklil Bouhmouch, Masters student, Georgetown University

326. Iman AbuAitah, MSW Student, University of Washington

327. Imtiaz Hasnain Retd Prof AMU Aligsrh

328. Inessa Hadjivayanis, PhD candidate, SOAS.

329. Inge van Nistelrooij, associate professor, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht.

330. Intan Suwandi, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Illinois State University.

331. Iqra Anugrah, Research Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University.

332. Ira Bhaskar, Retd. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

333. Irene Van Staveren, professor of economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

334. Irina Ceric, Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Faculty of Law

335. Isabel Huacuja Alonso Columbia University Assistant Professor

336. Isabel Käser, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Bern

337. Isabela Cabral Félix de Sousa , Research, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

338. Isabella Camera d’Afflitto – Honorary Professor, Sapienza università di Roma

339. Isabelle Houghton, Masters Candidate, Arab Studies, Georgetown University SFS.

340. Isabelle Mildonian, Graduate, Roanoke College.

341. Işıl Aral, Assistant professor of international law, Koç University

342. Isobel Roele, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London

343. J. Travis Shutz, Assistant Professor, California State University Los Angeles

344. Jack Halberstam, Columbia University

345. Jack McGinn, PhD candidate, LSE

346. Jairo I. Fúnez-Flores, Texas Tech University

347. Jalal Kawash, Academic, University of Calgary

348. Jamal Ali, Assistant Teaching Professor, Rutgers University

349. James Eastwood, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London

350. Jan Selby, Professor of International Politics, University of Leeds

351. Jana Omar Elkhatib, MFA Candidate, Brown University.

352. Jaskiran Dhillon, Associate Professor, The New School

353. Jasmin Johurun Nessa, University of Liverpool.

354. Jasmine Barzani, PhD candidate Melbourne University

355. Jason Beckett, Associate Professor, American University in Cairo

356. Javier González-Arellano, Profesor asociado de filosofía del Derecho Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.

357. Jean Beaman, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of California-Santa Barbara

358. Jeannette Graulau, Associate Professor, CUNY

359. Jeff Handmaker, Associate Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

360. Jeffrey Sacks, Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside

361. Jehan Helou president of IBBY Palestine

362. Jehan Mohamed, Lecturer, Rutgers State University.

363. Jeremy Dell, Lecturer, University of Edinburgh

364. Jessie Daniels, PhD, Professor, CUNY

365. Jillian Rogin, Associate Professor (Law), University of Windsor.

366. Jinan Bastaki, Associate Professor of Legal Studies, NYUAD.

367. JJ Lesperance, student, Moritz College of Law

368. Jo Bluen, London School of Economics, PhD candidate

369. Joel Gordon, Professor of History, University of Arkansas

370. Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Clark University

371. Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Clark University

372. John Bellamy Foster, Profesor Emeritus, University of Oregon.

373. John L. Esposito, Distinguished University Professor, Georgetown University

374. John Reynolds, Associate Professor of International Law, Maynooth University.

375. Jolanda Guardi, Professor, University of Turin

376. Jonatahn Wheeler, Assistant professor and reasearcher, National University of Tucumán-CONICET.

377. Jordan Cortesi, PhD student, University of Kansas.

378. Jordana Silverstein, Senior Research Fellow, University of Melbourne

379. Jose Itzigsohn, Professor of Sociology, Brown University

380. Joseph Elsayyid, Yale University

381. Jude Dababneh postgraduate student University of Edinburgh.

382. Jude Kadri, independent scholar

383. Julian Go, Professor, University of Chicago

384. Juliane Hammer, Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

385. Julie BOÉRI, associate professor

386. Jyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad

387. Jyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad

388. Kadidia Sylla, Student at Yale University

389. Kaiya Aboagye, Senior Lecturer, University Western Sydney

390. Kareem Rabie, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago

391. Kashaf Rashid, M.A. Communication, Culture, & Technology Student , Georgetown Universityb

392. Kashaf Rashid, M.A. Student, Georgetown University

393. Kasia Paprocki, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science

394. Katherine Gallagher, Center for Constitutional Rights.

395. Katherine Natanel, Senior Lecturer in Gender Studies, University of Exeter

396. Katy Kalemkerian, John Abbott College

397. Kaveh Ehsani, Associate Professor, DePaul University- Chicago

398. Kenzie El Bakry, Graduate Social Sciences, University of Düsseldorf

399. Kevin A. Gould, Associate Professor of Geography, Concordia University

400. Kevin Skerrett, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University

401. Khaled Abou El Fadl professor UCLA law School

402. Kiran Asher, Professor and Chair, Department of Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, UMass Amherst

403. Kirsten Forkert, Professor of Cultural Studies, Birmimgham City University.

404. Koen Leurs, Associate professor, Utrecht University

405. Kristina Richardson, Professor, University of Virginia.

406. Kurt Schock, Professor, Rutgers University, Newark

407. Laila Daqiq, scientist, RNSH

408. Laila Farah, Depaul University, Associate Professor

409. Laila Parsons, Professor, McGill University

410. Laila Shereen Sakr, Associate Professor, UC Santa Barbara

411. Laith Aqel, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Yale Law School.

412. Lana Sirri, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam.

413. Lara Deeb, Professor of Anthropology, Scripps College

414. Lara Deeb, Professor, Scripps College

415. Lara Fricke, PhD candidate University of Exeter

416. Lara Khattab, Assistant Professor at Mount Allison University

417. Laura De Vos, Assistant Professor American Studies, Radboud University

418. Laura Fair, professor, Columbia University

419. Laura Maghețiu, Doctoral Researcher, CLaSP, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).

420. Laura Rodriguez Castro, Southern Cross University

421. Laurie King, Anthropology, Georgetown University

422. Laurie King, Teaching Professor, Department of Anthropology, Georgetown University

423. Layli Uddin, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London

424. Leena Grover, Associate Professor of International Law, Tilburg University

425. Leila Ullrich, Associate Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford.

426. Lena Alhusseini, Phd Student, California Institute of Integral Studies

427. Leo Spitzer, Professor of History Emeritus, Dartmouth College

428. Leyla Neyzi, Research Fellow, University of Glasgow

429. Lila Pine, Associate Professor, New Media, Toronto Metropolitan University

430. Liliana Suárez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

431. Lindsey Parnas, alum, Georgetown SFS.

432. Lisa Hajjar, Professor of Sociology, UC Santa Barbara

433. Livia Wick, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.

434. Liyana Kayali, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Sydney

435. Lori Allen, Reader in Anthropology, SOAS University of London.

436. Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, The University of Sydney

437. Luis Andueza, Lecturer in International Development, King’s College London

438. Luis Eslava, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University & University of Kent

439. Luís Fernando Bravo de Barros – Karutana

440. M. Bahati Kuumba

441. M. Bahati Kuumba, Professor of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College

442. M. Muhannad Ayyash, Professor of Sociology, Mount Royal University.

443. Macarena Aguiló, académica Universidad de Chile

444. Madeline G. Levine, Kenan Professor of Slavic Literatures Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

445. Maghraoui Driss, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco.

446. Maha Abdallah, Graduate Teaching Assistant & PhD researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp.

447. Maha Nassar, Associate Professor, University of Arizona.

448. Maha Shuayb, University of Cambridge and Centre for Lebanese Studies.

449. Mahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt University

450. Mahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt University

451. Mahvish Ahmad, Assistant Professor in Human Rights and Politics, LSE & Co-Director LSE Human Rights.

452. Mairaj Syed, Professor, Religious Studies and Middle East South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis

453. Maisha Prome, PhD Candidate, Yale University

454. Malek Abisaab , Associate Professor McGill University

455. Mandy Turner, professor of conflict, peace and humanitarian affairs, University of Manchester, UK.

456. Margaux L Kristjansson, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Bard College

457. Maria Bhatti, lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University

458. Maria Cristina Paciello, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

459. Maria Federica Moscati, Reader in Law and Society, University of Sussex.

460. Maria Haro Sly, Ph.D. Candidate, Johns Hopkins University.

461. Maria LaHood, Deputy Legal Director, Center for Constitutional Rights.

462. Maria Rashid Fellow, Gender Studies Department, London School of Economics.

463. Maria Tzanakopoulou, Lecturer in Law, Birkbeck, University of London

464. Mariam Motamedi Fraser, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London

465. Mariana Gkiati, Assistant Professor, Tilburg University

466. Marianne Hirschberg, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany.

467. Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.

468. Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.

469. Marilù Mastrogiovanni, Adjunct professor in Journalism, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”

470. Mario Novelli, University of Sussex

471. Marion Kaplan, NYU, Emerita

472. Marion Kaplan, NYU, Emerita

473. Marjorie Cohn, Dean, People’s Academy of International Law

474. Marjorie Cohn, Founding Dean, People’s Academy of International Law

475. Mark Goodman, Professor, Sociology, York University, Toronto

476. Marsha Henry, London School of Economics

477. Marsha Rosengarten, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London

478. Marta Giallombardo, PhD candidate, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia.

479. Marwa Daoudy, Associate Professor, Georgetown University

480. Marwa Neji, researcher, Ghent University, Belgium.

481. Mary Ana McGlasson, Director, Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, Deakin University, Melbourne

482. Mary Ellen Davis, part-time faculty, Concordia University, Montréal

483. Maryam Aldossari, Associate Professor, Royal Holloway University of London

484. Maryam Aldossari, Senior Lecturer at Royal Holloway University of London

485. Mathias Tripp Dipl Elementary päd, Innsbruck Univers.

486. Matt Howard, Lecturer, University of Kent

487. Matteo Capasso, University of Venice, Italy.

488. Matthew Cole, Lecturer in Technology, Work and Employment.

489. Maud Anne Bracke, Professor of modern European history, University of Glasgow UK

490. Maura Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Muhlenberg College

491. Mauricio Amar, Centro de Estudios Árabes Eugenio Chahuan, Universidad de Chile.

492. Maya Mikdashi, Associate Professor, Rutgers University.

493. Mayur Suresh, Senior Lecturer, Soas University of London.

494. Mazen Masri, Senior Lecturer in Law, The City Law School, City University of London.

495. Maziar Behrooz, San Francisco State University

496. Meera Sabaratnam, Associate Professor, University of Oxford

497. Mehrdad F. Samadzadeh, University of Toronto

498. Melanie Richter-Montpetit, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Department of International Relations, University of Sussex.

499. Melinda González, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University

500. Micah Khater, Assistant Professor, University of California-Berkeley

501. Michael Daniel Yates, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburghersity of Pittsburgh

502. Michael Fakhri, professor at the University of Oregon.

503. Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley

504. Michael Rothberg, Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Holocaust Studies, UCLA.

505. Michel Feher, Editor/Publisher, Zone books, NY.

506. Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Senior Lecturer in Public International Law

507. Michelle Hartman, Professor, McGill University

508. Michiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg Law School.

509. Miguel Valderrama, investigador adjunto Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Diego Portales.

510. Minoo Moallem, Professor, UC Berkeley

511. Miriam Ticktin, Professor, CUNY Graduate Center.

512. Miriyam Aouragh, Professor, University of Westminster.

513. Mirjam Twigt, Leiden University

514. Mohamed Ali, PhD Candidate, Georgetown University

515. Mohamed Mathee, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg.

516. Mohamed Sayed, Associate instructor and PhD candidate at Indiana University

517. Mohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, Assistant Professor at UC Berkeley

518. Mohammad Ataie, Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

519. Mohammad Fakhreddine, Assistant Teaching Professor, Georgetown University

520. Mohammad Shahabuddin, Professor, University of Birmingham

521. Mohammed Abukhdeir. Abukhdeir family President

522. Mohammed Sawaie, Professor, University of Virginia

523. Mohsen al Attar, Reader, Associate Dean, XJTLU

524. Mona Baker, University of Oslo

525. Monisha Das Gupta, University of Hawaiʻi

526. Mridula Mukherjee JNU India Retired Professor

527. Murad Idris, Associate Professor, University of Michigan

528. Myria Georgiou, Professor, LSE

529. Mythri Jegathesan, Associate Professor, Santa Clara University.

530. Nabil Al-Tikriti, Professor, University of Mary Washington

531. Nabil Salih, graduate student at Bard College

532. Nada Elia, Visiting Professor, Western Washington University

533. Nadeem Karkabi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Haifa

534. Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian- Lawrence D Biele Chair in Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Global Chair in Law, Queen Mary University of London.

535. Nadia Abu El-Haj, Ann Whitney Olin Professor, Barnard College & Columbia University.

536. Nadia Ahmad, Associate Professor of Law, Barry University; PhD Student, Yale School of the Environment

537. Nadia Guessous, Colorado College

538. Nadine El-Enany, Professor of Law, University of Kent.

539. Nadje Al-Ali, Professor of Anthropology and Middle East Studies, Brown University

540. Nahla Abdo, Professor, Carleton University.

541. Naiefa Rashied, Lecturer: School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

542. Nalini Mohabir, Associate Professor, Concordia University.

543. Nancy Gallagher, professor emerita, UCSB

544. Nandini Chandra, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii at Manoa

545. Naomi Painter, Student, University of Kansas.

546. Naomi Taub, Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLA

547. Naomi Taub, Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLA

548. Naoual El Yattouti, PhD Researcher University of Antwerp

549. Natalie Kouri-Towe, Associate Professor, Concordia University

550. Nathalie Khankan, Continuing Lecturer, UC Berkeley

551. Nathaniel George, Lecturer in Politics of the Middle East, SOAS, University of London

552. Naveed Ahmad Mir. PhD student and GTA, Kent Law School.

553. Naveeda Khan, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University

554. Nazia Kazi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stockton University.

555. Nesrine Badawi, Associate Professor, The American University in Cairo

556. Nesrine Badawi, Associate Professor, The American University in Cairo

557. Nichola Khan. Professor, University of Edinburgh

558. Nicola Perugini, Associate Professor, University of Edinburgh.

559. Nicola Pratt, Professor of the International Politics of the Middle East, University of Warwick

560. Nicola Soekoe, Counsel, Pan African Bar Association of South Africa (PABASA).

561. Nicole Ranganath, Assistant Professor, UC Davis

562. Nicos Trimikliniotis, Professor, University of Nicosia.

563. Nida Kirmani, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences

564. Nikhita Mendis, Anthropology PhD Student, University of Chicago

565. Nimet Cebeci, PhD Candidate, Harvard University

566. Nina Eliasoph, University of Southern California

567. Nina Eliasoph, University of Southern California

568. Nina Farnia, Assistant Professor, Albany Law School

569. Nisha Kapoor, Associate Professor, University of Warwick

570. Nivi Manchanda, Reader in International Politics Queen Mary University of London

571. Noah Salomon, Associate Professor, University of Virginia

572. Noor Gieles, MD & PhD student, Amsterdam UMC.

573. Nora E.H. Parr, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham

574. Norma Rantisi, Concordia University.

575. Nour El Kadri, Professor, University of Ottawa

576. Noura Erakat, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, New Brunswick.

577. Noura Nasser, PhD student, LSE.

578. Noureddine Jebnoun, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University

579. Noureddine Jebnoun, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University

580. Ntina Tzouvala, Associate Professor ANU College of Law.

581. Nur Ali, President Musalla Masjid Catpets

582. Nusrat S Chowdhury, Associate Professor, Amherst College

583. Olga Grau, Universidad de Chile (J).

584. Olga Touloumi, Associate Professor, Bard College

585. Oludamini Ogunnaike, University of Virginia

586. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University

587. Omar Al-Ghazzi, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science

588. Omar Farahat, Associate Professor, McGill University

589. Omar Jabary Salamanca, Postdoc Fellow, Université libre de Bruxelles.

590. Omer Bartov, Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Department of History; Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International & Public Affairs, Brown University.

591. Omid Safi, Professor, Duke University

592. Omnia El Shakry, Professor of History, Yale University

593. Omnia El Shakry, Professor of History, Yale University

594. Omr Kassem, University of Chicago

595. Osman Bakar, Professor of Islamic Thought, International Islamic University Malaysia

596. Othman Belkebir, Ph.D researcher, Geneva Graduate Institute.

597. Ozlem Biner Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, SOAS

598. Pablo Oyarzun R., Universidad de Chile.

599. Paola Rivetti, associate professor, Dublin City University

600. Paola Zichi, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Warwick Law School

601. Patricia Sampedro, postgraduate student in International Development at the University of Oxford

602. Patrick Shi Timmer, Postgraduate Student, King’s College London.

603. Paula Chakravartty, James Weldon Johnson Associate Professor of Media Studies, NYU

604. Pauline Martini, Doctoral researcher, Queen Mary University of London.

605. Pete W. Moore, Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve University

606. Peter Drury, Kent Law School, PhD Student.

607. Peter Hallward, Professor of Philosophy, Kingston University UK

608. Pietro Masina, professor, University of Naples L’Orientale.

609. Pınar Kemerli, Assistant Professor, Bard College

610. Polly Withers, Leverhulme ECF, LSE

611. Pooja Rangan, Associate Professor of English in Film and Media Studies, Amherst College

612. Popy Begum, Saint Louis University.

613. Pramod Yadava, Professor (superannuated), JNU

614. Prof dr. Yolande Jansen , University of Amsterdam.

615. Prof Santosh Mehrotra , Visiting Prof, institute for Policy Research, University of Bath, UK

616. Prof. Andrea Teti, Associate Professor of Political Science, Univeristy of Salerno, Italy.

617. Prof.Mohan Rao, former professor at JNU, New Delhi

618. Professor Alana Lentin

619. Professor Ben Golder, UNSW

620. Professor Diana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of Liverpool

621. Professor Dina Al-Kassim, University of British Columbia

622. Professor Gargi Bhattacharyya, University of the Arts.

623. Professor Issa Shivji, Professor Emeritus, University of Dar es Salaam

624. Professor Jenny Phillimore, University of Birmingham

625. Professor Karma Nabulsi, University of Oxford

626. Professor Madawi Al-Rasheed, LSE.

627. Professor Yosefa Loshitzky, SOAS, University of London, UK.

628. R. Brian Ferguson, Rutgers University-Newark

629. Rabea Eghbariah, SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School.

630. Rachad Antonius, retired full professor, Université du Québec à Montréal

631. Rahima Siddique, Phd Student, University of Manchester.

632. Rahul Rao, Reader, University of St Andrews

633. Rami G Khouri, American University of Beirut.

634. Ran Zwigenberg, Associate Professor of Asian Studies, History, and Jewish Studies, Pennsylvania State University.

635. Rana Kazkaz, Associate Professor, Northwestern University Qatar

636. Rana M.Aslam Pervaiz Principal (R)

637. Randa M. Wahbe; PhD student; Harvard University

638. Randa Tawil, Texas Christian University

639. Raphael Salkie, Emeritus Professor of Language Studies, University of Brighton

640. Rasha Bayoumi, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Birmingham

641. Rashid Yahiaoui, Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.

642. Ratna Kapur, Professor, Queen Mary University of London

643. Raz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton University.

644. Razan AlSalah, Concordia University.

645. Rebecca Ruth Gould, Professor, SOAS University of London.

646. Reem Abou-El-Fadl, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics of the Middle East, SOAS University of London

647. Reem Al-Botmeh , Lecturer, Institute of law, Birzeit University

648. Reem Awny Abuzaid, PhD candidate, University of Warwick

649. Renate Bridenthal, The City University of New York

650. Renisa Mawani, Professor, Sociology, University of British Columbia.

651. Reuven Pinnata, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Washington.

652. Rhys Machold, Senior Lecturer, University of Glasgow

653. Ricarda Hammer, Assistant Professor, UC Berkeley

654. Richard Clements, Assistant Professor, Tilburg Law School

655. Richard Falk, Professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University.

656. Richard Marcuse, Anthropology, formerly University of Victoria

657. Richard Wild, Principal Lecturer in Criminology, University of Greenwich

658. Robert Crews, Professor of History, Stanford University

659. Roberto Filippello, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterd.

660. Rochelle Davis, Sultanate of Oman Associate Professor, Georgetown University

661. Rodante van der Waal, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.

662. Rodrigo C. Bulamah, Professor, State University of Rio de Janeiro

663. Roger Heacock, Professor of history emeritus , Birzeit University, Palestine

664. Ronak Kapadia, Associate Professor, University of Illinois Chicago

665. Rose Parfitt, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Kent.

666. Rosemarie Buikema , professor of art, culture and diversity

667. Roxana Pessoa Cavalcanti, University of Brighton

668. Roxana Pey, académica Universidad de Chile.

669. Ruba Salih, Professor, Università di Bologna.

670. Ruth Fletcher, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London

671. S. Sayyid, Professor of Decolonial Thought and Social Theory, University of Leeds.

672. S. Yaser Mirdamadi Researcher and lecturere at the Institute of Ismaʼili Studies, London.

673. Saada Hammad, part time instructor, Holt Spirit University of Kaslik.

674. Saadat Umar Pirzada, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.

675. Sacide Ataş, Ph.D. Candidate, Istanbul Medeniyet University

676. Sadiyya Haffejee, Associate Professor, University of Johannesburg.

677. Sa’ed Atshan, Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies and Anthropology, Swarthmore College

678. Sai Englert, Lecturer, Leiden University.

679. Samer Abdelnour, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.

680. Samer Jabbour, Researcher, Syrian Center for Policy Studies.

681. Sami Hermez, Director of Liberal Arts Program and Associate professor of Anthropology, Northwestern University in Qatar

682. Samia Bano, SOAS, University of London.

683. Samia Henni, Cornell University

684. Sana F Ali, MD; Yale School of Medicine

685. Sandro Mezzadra, Professor, University ofBologna

686. Saniya Ahmed, student, Leicester college

687. Santiago Alberto Vargas Niño, Lecturer in IH(R)L and ICL, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

688. Santosh Anand, Assistant Lecturer, Kent Law School, University of Kent.

689. Sara Chaudhry, Senior Lecturer, Birkbeck

690. Sara Dehm, Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney

691. Sara Elbrolosy, Georgetown University.

692. Sara Matthews, Associate Professor of Culture and Conflict, Global Studies and Communication Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University

693. Sara Pursley, Associate Professor, New York University

694. Sarah Bracke, Professor, University of Amsterdam.

695. Sarah El-Kazaz, Senior Lecturer, SOAS, University of London

696. Sarah Ghabrial, Assoc. Prof, Concordia University (Montreal)

697. Sarah Ihmoud, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, The College of the Holy Cross.

698. Sarah Irving, lecturer in history, Staffordshire University

699. Sarah Keenan, Reader in Law, Birkbeck College, University of London

700. Sarah Lamble, Reader in Criminology, Birkbeck, University of London

701. Sarah Phillips, Professor of Global Conflict and Development, The University of Sydney

702. Sarah Raymundo , Assistant Professor , Center for Intetnational Studies University of the Philippines Diliman

703. Sasan Fayazmanesh, Professor Emeritus of Economics, California State University, Fresno

704. Scheherazade Bloul, PhD, Deakin University

705. Scott Newton, Professor of Laws of Central Asia, SOAS University of London

706. Sean Lee, Assistant Professor of Political Science, American University in Cairo

707. Sean T. Mitchell, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers University-Newark

708. Sebastián Link, PhD student, Johns Hopkins University.

709. Selim Can Bilgin, Partner at Kabine Law.

710. Shabbir Agha Abbas, PhD Candidate, University of Arizona

711. Shabnam Holliday, University of Plymouth

712. Shahd Hammouri, University of Kent.

713. Shakuntala Banaji, Professor, LSE

714. Sharika Thiranagama, Associate Professor, Stanford University Dept. of Anthropology.

715. Sharmila Parmanand, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science.

716. Sheer Ganor, History, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.

717. Shehnaz Abdeljaber, University of Pennsylavania

718. Sherene Seikaly, UCSB

719. Shirin Saeidi, University of Arkansas

720. Shohini Sengupta, Associate Professor, O.P. Jindal Global University, India

721. Siddhartha Deb, Associate Professor, The New School

722. Siggie Vertommen, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterdam.

723. Sigrid Schmalzer, Professor of History, University of Masschusetts Amherst

724. Silvia Groaz, Professor of Architecture History, ENSA Paris-Est

725. Silvia Posocco, Reader in Social Anthropology, Birkbeck, University of London

726. Simidele Dosekun, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science

727. Simon McKenzie, Lecturer, Griffith Law School

728. Simone Sibilio, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

729. Sinead Eing, Lecturer School of Law and Criminology Maynooth University

730. Sivamohan Valluvan, Associate Professor, University of Warwick

731. Sladjana Lazic, Assistant Professor, University of Innsbruck.

732. Sneha Annavarapu, Yale-NUS college

733. Sophia Brown, postdoctoral researcher, Freie Universität Berlin

734. Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Bard College

735. Sophie Richter-Devroe, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University

736. Sophie Richter-Devroe, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University

737. Spriha Gupta, Independent scholar.

738. Stefan Kipfer, York University

739. Stephanie Deig, PhD Candidate, University of Lucerne

740. Steven Alan Carr, Director, Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Purdue University Fort Wayne (affiliation for identification purposes only).

741. Steven I. Levine, Research Faculty Associate, Dept. of History, University of Montana, USA

742. Sujith Xavier, Associate Professor & Associate Dean, Research and Graduate Studies.

743. Sultan Doughan, Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London.

744. Sumathy Sivamohan, Professor, University of Peradeniya.

745. Sumatjy Sivamohan Professor, University of Peradeniya.

746. Sumayya Kassamali, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto

747. Sumedha Choudhury, PhD candidate, Melbourne Law School

748. Sumi Madhok, London School of Economics.

749. Sune Haugbolle, Professor, Roskilde University

750. Suraya Ansari Rasouli

751. Suraya Khan, Assistant Professor, San Antonio College

752. Susan M. Akram, Clinical Professor, Boston University School of Law

753. Susanne Wessendorf, Professor of Social Anthropology, Coventry University

754. Suvir Kaul, University of Pennsylvania

755. Suzana Rahde Gerchmann, PhD candidate and GTA at City, University of London.

756. Swati Chattopadhyay, Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara

757. Sydney Chuen, Georgetown University.

758. Syed Muhammad Omar, PhD Research, University of Kansas

759. Syeda Masood, Phd candidate, Brown University

760. Tahseen Kazi, independent scholar.

761. Tamanisha J. John, Assistant Professor at York University

762. Tamsin Phillipa Paige, Senior Lecturer, Deakin Law School

763. Taner Akcam, Director of Armenian Genocide Research Program at Promise Armenian Institute, UCLA.

764. Tani Barlow, Professor of History, Rice University

765. Tania Saeed, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan

766. Tannous chalhoub, Assistant professor, Faculty of engineering

767. Tanya Serisier, Reader in Feminist Theory and Criminology, Birkbeck, University of London

768. Tanzil Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Public Law, Queen Mary University of London

769. Tarik Nejat Dinc, Visiting Assistant Professor, Reed College

770. Tariq Khan Associate Professor, Govt College Township Lahore.

771. Tariq Malik, independent researcher, scholar & author.

772. Tasniem Anwar, assistant professor Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

773. Tendayi Achiume, Professor of Law UCLA School of Law

774. Tendayi Achiume, Professor of Law UCLA School of Law

775. Teresa Almeida Cravo, Associate Professor, University of Coimbra, Portugal

776. Terri Ginsberg, Faculty, City University of New York

777. Thomas Blom Hansen, Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University.

778. Thomas Cowan, University of Nottingham

779. Tim Lindgren, Postdoctoral Fellow at Amsterdam Law School, University of Amsterdam.

780. Tim Lindgren, Postdoctoral Fellow in International Law at Amsterdam Law School, University of Amsterdam

781. Timothy Mitchell, Professor, Columbia University

782. Tom Frost, Senior Lecturer, Kent Law School.

783. Tom Pettinger, Research Fellow, University of Warwick

784. Tor Krever, Assistant Professor in International Law, University of Cambridge

785. Tori Fleming, Doctoral Student, York University

786. Traek Z. Ismail, CUNY School of Law

787. Trevor Lies, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Kansas.

788. Trevor Ngwane, senior lecturer, University of Johannesburg

789. Triestino Mariniello, LJMU

790. Trishna M, Student, Geneva Graduate Institute

791. Ubeydullah Ademi, PhD Student, Northwestern University

792. Umair Pervez, Instructor University of Calgary

793. Usha Natarajan, LPE Faculty Fellow, Yale Law School

794. Usha Natarajan, LPE Faculty Fellow, Yale Law School

795. Valentina Zagaria, Research Associate, Anthropology Department, University of Manchester

796. Valerie Forman, Associate professor, New York University

797. Van Aken Mauro University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy

798. Vanessa Ramos, Asociación Americana de Juristas, President

799. Vanina Trojan, human rights lawyer

800. Vasiliki Touhouliotis, Adjunct Faculty and Independent Scholar, Portland State University

801. Vasken Markarian, PhD alum, University of Texas at Austin

802. Vasuki Nesiah, Professor of Practice in Human Rights and International Law, The Gallatin School, NYU.

803. Veronica Buffon, Indipendent Researcher, Italy

804. Victoria Sanford, PhD, Lehman Professor of Excellence, Lehman College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York.

805. Victoria Veguilla del Moral, Pablo de Olvide University

806. Vida Samiian, Professor & Dean Emerita, CSU Fresno

807. Vikki Bell, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London

808. Vivan, Itala, Professor, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy

809. Wail S. Hassan, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

810. Walaa Alqaisiya, University of Venice-Italy.

811. Waqas Tufail, Reader in Criminology, Leeds Beckett University

812. Waseem Yaqoob, Lecturer, History of Political Thought

813. Wassim Naboulsi, Research Associate in IR, University of Sussex.

814. Wendy Brown, Professor, Institute for Advanced Study.

815. Wendy DeSouza, Adjunct Professor in Women and Gender Studies, Sonoma State University

816. Wendy Gifford, Professor, University of Ottawa

817. Wendy Pearlman, Professof Political Science, Northwestern University.

818. William I Robinson, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, University of California at Santa Barbara

819. William Mazzarella, Neukom Family Professor of Anthropology, University of Chicago

820. Yaseen Noorani, Associate Professor, University of Arizona

821. Yaser Amouri, PhD, Public International Law, Birzeit University, Palestine

822. Yasmeen Azam, graduate student, UC Berkeley

823. Yasmeen Hanoosh, Professor, Portland State University

824. Yasmine Hamud, Undergraduate Student, University of Edinburgh

825. Yasmine Kherfi, PhD Student, LSE.

826. Yusuf Ahmed, Tutor, SOAS.

827. Zahra Ali, Assistant Professor at Rutgers University-Newark.

828. Zahra Moloo, PhD candidate, Human Geography, University of Toronto

829. zakia salime, Associate Professor , Rutgers

830. Zeina Jamal, PhD, Queen Margaret University

831. Zoé Samudzi, Visiting Assistant Professor, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University

832. Zoha Waseem, University of Warwick

833. Zoya Hasan, Professor Emerita, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi